Maldive

Maldives

The Maldives is a tropical island nation in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Sri Lanka and India. It consists of 26 natural atolls comprising more than 1,000 coral islands. Renowned for its crystal-clear lagoons, white-sand beaches, and luxury resorts, the country is a global symbol of high-end tourism and climate vulnerability.

Key facts

• Capital: Malé

• Population: About 520,000 (2024 est.)

• Official language: Dhivehi

• Currency: Maldivian rufiyaa (MVR)

• Government: Presidential republic

Geography and Environment

The Maldives lies across the equator and covers about 90,000 square kilometers, though less than 300 are land. Its atolls sit atop a vast submarine ridge, making the country the world’s flattest nation, with an average ground level of just 1.5 meters above sea level. The islands’ reefs support rich marine biodiversity but face threats from coral bleaching and rising seas.

History and Culture

Islam was introduced in the 12th century, shaping the nation’s identity and legal system. The Maldives was a British protectorate until gaining independence in 1965. Dhivehi culture blends South Asian, Arab, and African influences, reflected in its music, cuisine, and craftsmanship. Malé serves as the political, cultural, and economic center.

Economy and Tourism

Tourism dominates the economy, contributing more than a quarter of GDP. The Maldives pioneered the concept of “one island, one resort,” attracting honeymooners and divers worldwide. Fishing remains vital for local livelihoods, while renewable energy and digital services are emerging sectors.

Climate Change and Sustainability

Among the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations, the Maldives advocates strongly for global emissions reductions. Coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion, and sea-level rise pose existential risks. The government has pledged carbon neutrality and invests in reef restoration, sustainable tourism, and renewable energy initiatives.